Abstract:The red soil hilly areas in South China were prone to soil erosion due to their poor soil viscosity, poor water permeability, and inadequate seasonal rainfall distribution. Inappropriate tillage measures aggravated soil erosion, decreased soil fertility, and therefore restricted the sustainable development of local agriculture. Since the Taoyuan Agro-ecosystem Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was established in 1979, researchers have systematically upgraded management of regional agricultural ecosystem, increased the overall agricultural benefits, and established a technical system and an optimized mode of the comprehensive development of regional agriculture in the station. The demonstration and promotion will provide important theoretical and technical support for soil erosion control, regional agricultural restructuring, and the improvement of farmland productivity and ecological environment in red soil hilly areas in South China. We have systematically studied the formation mechanism of gley and secondary gley paddy soil to provide technical support for gleyed paddy field management; the coordination mechanism between sustainable productivity and system health of paddy field ecosystem to provide theoretical basis and technical support for sustainable and efficient production of paddy field ecosystem in red soil; the microbial mechanism driving the key processes of N₂O and CH₄ emission from rice fields to provide vital scientific basis for reducing greenhouse gas emission in farmland of China; the distribution pattern and the main driving factors of soil bacteria and denitrifying microorganism in farmland to depict the composition of farmland soil microbial community in the large scale; the control mechanism of functional amino acid metabolism and physiological function of pig diet to scientifically improve the level of pig breeding and the development of China's pig breeding industry in a healthy and sustainable way; nitrogen transformation mechanism in vegetable soil and the corresponding control measures to provide a strong theoretical foundation and technical support for nitrogen control in vegetable soil; the characteristics and influencing factors of nutrient loss in typical farmland ecosystem, the model of nitrogen and phosphorus interception and ecological absorption in hilly composite agricultural ecosystem to provide technical support for the prevention and control of non-point source pollution of nitrogen and phosphorus in farmland ecosystems; recycling utilization model of agricultural and pastoral resources to promote the sustainable development of local agriculture. In the future, the scientists of Taoyuan Agro-ecosystem Research Station will make greater contribution to the sustainable development of regional agriculture under the guidance of the "Pioneer Initiative Action" plan of CAS.