Abstract:The building of science and technology (S&T) power is strategically important to develop China into a great modernized socialist country. This study first analyzed the significance of building an S&T power, summarized the international experience of constructing an S&T power, and the historical process of building an S&T power with Chinese characteristics. We also analyzed the long-term and phased unity of achieving socialist modernization and building S&T power, explored the stage tasks of building S&T power. At the new historical starting point to build an S&T power, China must further improve the quality of scientific and technological innovation elements, build a modern innovation system, and improve the guarantee measures for building an S&T power.