Abstract:This paper reviews the hybrid breeding project of rice and wheat in China, revealing that the agricultural research must face the sacred mission of the main battlefield of economic development. Agricultural research system in China has exerted the institutional advantages of concentrating power to carry out major tasks, insisted on top-level design and planning, insisted on constantly advancing and innovating, as well as prompted agricultural scientific and technological progress to make great contributions in safeguarding national food security and improving people's living standards. In the past 70 years, China has cultivated a large number of new rice and wheat varieties, achieving the breakthroughs of crop dwarfing, hybridization, and high quality, and updated 6 new varieties. In addition, significant innovative technological achievements have been made in high-yield cultivation of rice and wheat, which has promoted the leap-forward progress of China's grain production.