Abstract:Basic research is the theoretical and knowledge source of all science and technology, the basis of applied research and experimental development, and plays an important role in national development and technological progress. This study takes five major scientific and technological powers (the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan) as the analysis object, "inputoutput-science and technology policy" as the analysis framework, compares from the intensity of scientific research input, especially the intensity of basic research input long-term time series trend analysis, to scientific research paper published, scientific research field international authoritative awards and the Nobel award, as well as the supportive policies and innovation policies of basic research of the scientific and technological powers. Analysis shows that the scientific and technological powers attach great importance to basic research, and its basic research investment intensity has been more than 10% in a long time. High investment in basic research has laid the foundation for major research outputs. Finally, this study puts forward some enlightenment suggestions for China to strengthen basic research and build a strong scientific and technological power.