Abstract:The boundaries of modern basic research have been constantly broadened. Basic research started from the era of "small science" dominated by the free exploration of academic institutions and stepped into the era of "big science" dominated by the state, with all sectors of society working together to promote collaborative innovation. The current management system of basic research in China has gone through several stages of adjustment, and a relatively complete funding system for basic research has been formed. Nevertheless, the resource allocation, organizational model and legal guarantee of basic research still need to be improved continuously.