Abstract:As an important field in the construction of ecological civilization, spatial governance is a relatively weak field in China's governance system. In the past 40 years of rapid economic development, unbalanced regional development, disharmony between nature and society, and disordered spatial structure have become prominent problems. In the support of space governance, science and technology have problems such as the division of natural sciences and social sciences, the imperfect data co-construction and sharing mechanism, and the disconnection of scientific research and decision-making management, which seriously hinders the need for the modernization of governance systems. The formation of an adapting strategy for the modernization of China's space governance by a technologically powerful country is of great significance for China to realize the transition from a well-off society to a modern society, and for China to improve its level in the global governance system. On the basis of discussing the complexity of space governance objects, the scientization of government decision-making and management, and the general trend of science and technology serving social development, this study proposes a new framework of science and technology innovation oriented to space governance, which is dominated by theoretical innovation, data construction, and knowledge application. Combined with the analysis of innovative key scientific issues, focusing on the needs of the whole process of territorial planning with determining the planning objectives, applying analytical methods, developing layout plans, improving the control system, supporting safeguard measures, implementing dynamic management, etc., this study systematically discusses the two major issues of developing a unified geographic theory system and data foundation. Among them, the main points of the theoretical system include: the comprehensive equilibrium theory of space, the coupling mechanism of natural and social systems, the evolution law of regional function-spatial structure, the spatial interaction relationship, the spatial governance mechanism, and the reverse decoupling principle of geographical process-geographical pattern.