Abstract:During the period of 14th Five-Year Plan, modernization of space governance and optimization of regional economic layout are the important parts of planning and development. Since the reform and opening up, China's regional economic layout has adopted the guiding ideology of "some regions get rich first", which has rapidly driven the overall improvement of national strength, but the development gap between regions has continued to widen. The open economy and the non-state-owned economy are developing rapidly, but there are shortcomings in the security and advancement of the economic system, and the reform of the state-owned economy is still insufficient. China's space governance has made remarkable progress, but in terms of legalization and scientization, learningoriented government and democratic governance, and systematic governance, there is a big gap with modernization requirements. During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the key points of space governance modernization include:improving the space governance model in which the government, the market, the social organizations, and the public participate together; improving a regional policy system that puts equal emphasis on fairness and benefits, government regulation, and market optimization allocation, issues and goals, and constraints and incentives; and developing a new mechanism for regional coordination that meets the requirements of highquality development. The major measures of the regional economic layout are continuously enhancing the energy levels of urban agglomerations, metropolitan areas and regional central cities, and practicing the new model of achieving balanced and coordinated regional development in the process of population economic agglomeration. It should take the opportunity of restructuring China's relatively complete industrial system as an opportunity to create a new pattern in the distribution of major productive forces, and launch the great project of high-quality development in northwest China to cultivate the new driving force of development and prosperity in relatively poor areas.