Abstract:Land degradation and desertification are the serious ecological problems and challenges to achieve global sustainable development goals. The Chinese government proposes to integrate the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt with the environmental improvement of the Central Asia, to build an intimate community of shared destiny between China and the Central Asia countries, and to promote the green and sustainable development of the Silk Road Economic Belt. However, the ecological crisis in the Aral Sea causes a significant shrinking in water body, loss of biodiversity, salinization, desertification, and salt dust storm, which have become major environmental problems encountered in the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt in the Central Asia. On the basis of sorting out the problems of land degradation and desertification caused by the ecological crisis in the Aral Sea, this study scientifically analyzed the development trend and causes of desertification and salinization land in the Aral Sea region in the past 30 years, discussed the spatial differences of vegetation stability and its carrying capacity in the Amu Darya Basin and the Aral Sea region, and put forward the directions, strategies, key technologies and innovative modes of ecological restoration for the desertification and salinized land. Solving the ecological crisis and desertification in the Aral Sea is one of the key points in the construction of the Green Silk Road, and also an important embodiment of building a community of shared future for mankind and practicing the global values of ecological civilization.