Abstract:“Protect and make good use of the black soil” is a new mission and requirement to Northeast China raised by central government in the new era. In order to solve the major problems hindering the development of Northeast China's agricultural development, such as black soil degradation and lack of high-yield and high-quality crop varieties, the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) carries out original innovation focusing on the main tasks of agricultural ecology in the black soil zone, including the protection and utilization of black soils, germplasm resource innovation and precision molecular breeding of the main food crops, as well as enhancement of the ecological security barrier in this region. These tasks aim to establish an innovative interdisciplinary system that integrates agricultural science, wetland science, geographic information science and regional development. The series of actions will provide theoretical foundation and technical support for ensuring national food security, ecological environment construction, and regional sustainable development.