Abstract:Carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutralization in 2060 has been established as one of the important strategic goals of China's economic and social development. During 2010-2020, the capacity of terrestrial ecosystems in China to sequester carbon dioxide (CO₂) varied from 1.0 to 1.3 Gt/a, with high uncertainty. To enhance the carbon sink capacity of Chinese terrestrial ecosystems, the combination with land space planning and ecological protection is essential. It is necessary to first stabilize the existing carbon storage in these ecosystems, such as forest, grassland, wetland, coast, and others, and then implement some important ecological protection and ecological restoration projects at large scale. In addition, new technologies of carbon capture, utilization, and storage based on biological CO₂ fixation principles (Bio-CCUS) or ecological CO₂ fixation principles (Eco-CCUS) should be developed and applied. Through integrated regional ecosystem management and spatial planning, as well as multiple technologies to enhance carbon sink, it is possible to double the carbon sink capacity, both natural and human-made, arriving at 2.0-2.5 Gt/a during 2050-2060. In practice, we need to scientifically assess the key technologies of ecosystem carbon sink improvement in view of effectiveness, economic feasibility, and durability, and then comprehensively integrate these technologies into different regions for demonstrations at regional scale.