Abstract:From the aspects of the macro-governance capability of science and technology (S&T), the mechanism for tackling emerging problems, the life-time career of S&T researchers, the innovation chain of S&T activities, the life cycle of enterprises, innovation players, regional innovation system, and the ecology of S&T innovation, this study systematically reviews the practical exploration and effects of China's S&T reform experience since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). It also analyzes the latest S&T reforming characteristics in many other innovative countries, such as stronger strategic coordination, broader government intervention, more concern of disruptive innovation and future technology, greater efforts on talent cultivation and introduction, and better balance between the open science and S&T security. Based on these findings, we discuss the future-oriented S&T reforming trends, and provide some new ideas and prospects for establishing a strong country in S&T, and realizing the country's self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology.