Abstract:Science and technology think tank is an important part of new type of think tanks with Chinese characteristics, with core values that lie in giving their professional advantages in scientific research for scientific decision-making by the Communist Party of China and Chinese government. This study summarizes the main theories and Marxism's views on think tanks, analyzes the new situation of the construction of new think tanks with Chinese characteristics in the new era, summarizes the three characteristics of "special", "new", and "intelligent" new think tanks with Chinese characteristics, and discusses the theoretical basis, organizational structure and operation mechanism of the construction of new science and technology think tanks with Chinese characteristics from the perspectives of systems engineering, department of integrative system design, and S&T communication. Finally, three suggestions are put forward for new science and technology think tanks with Chinese characteristics to better carry out science and technology strategic consultation:highlighting the mission and raising the status of science and technology strategic consulting; enhancing the support and consolidating the conditions of strategic consultation on science and technology; strengthening the publicity and activating the efficacy of science and technology strategic consulting.