Abstract:Biogeochemical cycle is the basic theory of matter (elements) flow among atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and lithosphere, which provides important guidance to achieving the national goal of agriculture carbon peak (ACP) and agriculture carbon neutrality (ACN). As a basic industry, agriculture has large-scale temporal and spatial influence on the greenhouse effect, hence great importance should be attached to ACP and ACN in order to assist the overall strategy of achieving national carbon peak and neutrality. Based on the view of biogeochemical cycle and connotations of ACP and ACN, this article analyzes the paths to achieve ACP and ACN, and discusses the following five aspects:the challenges of ACP, the challenges of ACN, potentials of ACN, misunderstandings of ACN, and biosphere's important role in CO₂ reduction. The article also makes strategy suggestions for realizing our national goal of carbon peak and neutrality from the perspectives of ACP and ACN, as well as science and technology innovation.