Abstract:The purpose of this study is to comprehensively explore the main connotation and important impact of scientific research paradigm change from both theoretical and practical perspectives. On the theoretical level, starting with Kuhn and his The Structures of the Scientific Revolution, this study explores the logical essence of the concept of “paradigm”. At the practical level, through various forms such as questionnaires and interviews, the three connotations of scientific research paradigm change in the new era have been condensed. Namely, solving systematic and complex problems has become the main driving force for scientific research paradigm change in the new era, simulation and data science may become effective breakthroughs in promoting scientific research paradigm change, and organizational innovation in scientific research activities has become the foundation for promoting scientific research paradigm change. On this basis, it analyzes the current problems in China’s response to the transformation of research paradigms, and proposes the corresponding policy recommendations.