Abstract:The Belt and Road Initiative has become a popular international public goods and international cooperation platform in the past decade since it was firstly proposed in 2013. China and the Belt and Road participating countries and regions have made considerable progress in scientific and technological cooperation, including carrying out scientific and technological cooperation actions and plans, building international scientific organizations and science and education cooperation centers, providing talent training platforms, etc. Nevertheless, in the new era, the Belt and Road faces many challenges such as the unpredictable external environment, the incomplete top-level design and mechanism, the insufficient depth of scientific and technological cooperation, the shortage of professional talents, etc. In this context, this study systematically analyzes the key role of scientific and technological innovation and cooperation in the high-quality development of the Belt and Road and puts forward the strategic objectives and basic principles of scientific and technological innovation and cooperation supporting the high-quality development of the Belt and Road. Moreover, this study points out the key areas and key tasks of the Belt and Road scientific and technological innovation and cooperation in the new era. The results of this study can provide scientific reference for exploring solutions to the challenges faced by the development of the Belt and Road.