Abstract:Climate cooperation is conducive to promoting the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) partner countries and regions to handle the relationship between economic development and tackling climate change, which is critical to achieving the green transformation of the regional economy. Based on the facts and projections of climate change in the BRI region, this study explored the demand gaps in technology, finance, and capacity building in the BRI region based on the impact of climate change on water resources, agriculture, and biodiversity. The study found that most countries and regions along the Belt and Road have a more urgent need for adaptive technologies than mitigation technologies. However, given the relatively weak economies of most BRI countries and regions, the actions that drive climate change mitigation and adaptation will face significant funding gaps. In addition, there also exist gaps in capacity building in mitigation and adaptation field such as disaster prevention and mitigation, ecosystem governance, promoting lowcarbon industries, forest carbon sequestration, and biodiversity. On this basis, the study proposed the overall strategy of the BRI climate cooperation from the perspectives of cooperative countries and regions, cooperation fields, and cooperation countermeasures. It further clarified Southeast Asia and Africa as the key regions of BRI climate cooperation and identified key cooperation fields in terms of technology, finance, and capacity building. Furthermore, a systematic cooperation plan was proposed.