本文已被：浏览 1291次 下载 1738次
投稿时间：2023-12-30
投稿时间：2023-12-30
中文摘要: 国家科技竞争力的评估有助于刻画国际科技竞争格局，为科技政策和战略发展提供决策参考。文章从“投入—过程—产出”的视角，提出国家科技竞争力的“潜力—效力—实力”三维测度框架，实现了兼顾规模和效率差异性的国家科技竞争力测度多维度全过程分析。文章基于笔者研究完成的《国家科技竞争力报告2023》，对世界34个主要国家的科技竞争力进行测度，并重点分析了2011—2022年包括我国在内的11个典型国家的科技竞争力演进趋势。在此基础上，从科技竞争潜力、科技竞争效力和科技竞争实力3个维度进一步对34个主要国家的科技竞争力情况进行分类分析，刻画34个主要国家科技竞争格局并揭示我国科技竞争力现状。研究发现，我国科技竞争力近年来增速逐步放缓，转向稳步增长阶段，不过与科技领先国家相比仍有较大提升空间。其中，我国科技竞争实力水平较高，但与主要科技强国相比，在体现科技产出质量的指标水平上差距悬殊；科技竞争潜力水平进步显著，然而我国与主要科技强国在效率型指标水平上仍有较大差距；科技竞争效力水平大幅低于主要科技强国，是制约我国科技竞争力水平整体提升的最主要因素。最后，文章提出提升我国科技竞争力的对策建议。
Abstract:The measurement of national science and technology competitiveness helps to describe the international competition pattern, and to provide decision-making reference for future-oriented science and technology policy and strategy formulation. From the perspective of input-process-output, the study proposes a three-dimensional measurement framework of potential-efficiency-strength for national science and technology competitiveness and realizes a multi-dimensional comprehensive measurement of national science and technology competitiveness, which takes the differences in both scale and efficiency into account. Based on The Report on National Science and Technology Competitiveness 2023, the study measures the national science and technology competitiveness of 34 major countries in the world and focuses on the evolution trend of national science and technology competitiveness of 11 countries including China from 2011 to 2022. On this basis, the science and technology competitiveness of 34 countries is further classified and analyzed from the three dimensions of science and technology competitiveness potential, science and technology competitiveness effectiveness, and science and technology competitiveness strength, so as to describe the technological competition pattern of 34 countries and reveal the status quo of China’s science and technology competitiveness. The research has found that the growth rate of China’s science and technology competitiveness has gradually slowed down in recent years, shifting towards a stage of steady growth. However, there is still significant room for improvement compared to leading countries. Among them, the level of China’s science and technology competitiveness strength is relatively high, but the indicators that reflect the quality of China’s technological output are still far from those of major technological powers. China’s science and technology competitiveness potential has improved but the level of intensity indicators is still lower than those of main technological powers. The significant decrease in the science and technology competitiveness effectiveness compared to major technological powers is the main factor restricting the improvement of China’s science and technology competitiveness. Finally, this study puts forward suggestions to improve China’s science and technology competitiveness.
keywords: national science and technology competitiveness multi-dimensional comprehensive measurement international comparison
文章编号： 中图分类号： 文献标志码：
基金项目:国家社会科学基金重大项目（23ZDA060）
引用文本：
陈凯华,温馨,张超.国家科技竞争力测度、演进与国际比较[J].中国科学院院刊,2024,39(1):163-175.
CHEN Kaihua,WEN Xin,ZHANG Chao.Measurement, evolution and international comparison of national science and technology competitiveness[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2024,39(1):163-175.
陈凯华,温馨,张超.国家科技竞争力测度、演进与国际比较[J].中国科学院院刊,2024,39(1):163-175.
CHEN Kaihua,WEN Xin,ZHANG Chao.Measurement, evolution and international comparison of national science and technology competitiveness[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2024,39(1):163-175.
