Abstract:The Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee attaches great importance to open cooperation in science, technology and innovation (STI). Since the 18th National Congress of CPC, the inter-governmental science and technology (S&T) cooperation has been continuously strengthened, as well as the international S&T cooperation and exchanges have been deepened, which led China’s gradual change changed from a participant to a leader in global innovation governance. Entering a new stage of development, changes in the international situation and self-reliance in S&T put forward higher requirements for open cooperation in STI. Nevertheless, there are still difficulties such as scattered resources and difficult coordination in open cooperation in STI, and some open innovation reform measures have not yet been implemented, which is not conducive to accelerating the construction of an open innovation ecosystem with global competitiveness. The evaluation finds that there are not only external environmental problems caused by changeable global situation, but also long-standing internal institutional problems. Some problems exist for a long time and are difficult to break through, and some are caused by too principled policies, coupled with poor implementation and fear of difficulties. All these problems lead to the difficulty and slow effect of the measures. To solve these chronic problems, we should closely focus on the idea of whice “S&T policy should be firmly implemented” and coordinate the construction of national innovation system, as well as the reform of open cooperation policy on STI. Focus on adhering to the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee on S&T, persevering in promoting opening up, accelerating the optimization of policies and systems to attract overseas talents, improving the ability and level of global innovation resources allocation, supporting the global development of various STI platforms, and giving play to the role of enterprises as the main force of double cycle to precisely implement policy and give targeted treatment.