Abstract:From “Two Bombs and One Satellite” to Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), from ground zero to the center stage of the world, China has unswervingly followed the path of independent innovation with distinctive characteristics. After the development of nearly half a century, breakthroughs have been made in several key areas. The position, implication, and classification of major scientific and technological infrastructures are constantly changing under the new situation. Based on an in-depth investigation of major scientific and technological infrastructure such as high-efficiency and low-carbon gas turbine research facility, it is believed that the construction of application-supported major scientific and technological infrastructure in China still faces challenges and problems, such as the relative lack of user groups and the under-implementation of scientific and technological achievements. In view of the major opportunities brought by the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation in China with the urgent need to achieve sci-tech self-reliance, self-strengthening, and high-quality development, three countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to optimize the management system of project establishment, construction, and acceptance, strengthen the operation management and evaluation of application-supported major scientific and technological infrastructure, and increase the support for the transformation and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements. This study provides a reference and basis for future infrastructure planning, management mechanism improvement, and policy development.