Abstract:The field of life sciences is rapidly evolving, driven by advancements in experimental techniques and vast biological big data which gradually arise and play an increasingly important role in life science research. First of all, biological big data has diversity and complexity, including genomic data, epigenomic data, proteomic data and other types. These data provide researchers with more comprehensive information and help reveal the laws behind life phenomena. Second, new data-driven developments and applications in life sciences cover many fields such as gene editing, precision medicine, drug development, etc., providing unprecedented possibilities for human health and quality of life. However, the era of big data for life science research also faces challenges in various aspects including data storage, sharing, and privacy protection, as well as how to transform massive data into reliable scientific discoveries. This paper provides a brief overview of the law of development of biological data in driving life sciences, sorts out the composition and characteristics of biological big data and its sources, as well as elaborates and discusses the common problems and challenges faced by our country under the new paradigm of data-driven life science research.