Abstract:Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Party Central Committee has comprehensively promoted the reform of the sci-tech management system, and has made significant progress. Nevertheless, facing the recent massive transformation in science and technology, China not only requires intensifying and deepening the sci-tech reform, but also demands profound reflections on its current reform mode and further exploration of a new reform paradigm compatible with China’s endeavor for a world power of science and technology. This study analyzes the challenges of China’s sci-tech transformation and the bottleneck of the problem-oriented repair paradigm for sci-tech reform, demonstrating the urgent need for China to break away from outdated scitech reform frameworks and establish a new paradigm. Moreover, based on the theory of structural dynamics and China’s economic reform practice since 1978, it proposes ideas such as transcending the “problem-oriented” paradigm to shape the new reform impetus, exploring “constructivist”, “ecological” and “nurturing” reform modes adapt to different situation in sci-tech transformation, breaking through reform bottlenecks to find “the path of least resistance”, and integrating all the above to construct a theoretical model of a structural reform paradigm. Finally, it proposes that the Chinese Academy of Sciences as the “evolutionary island” for the national scitech system reform, to put the structural reform paradigm in practice, and pave the path of least resistance for China to build itself into world power of science and technology.