Abstract:Talents are the core force leading breakthroughs in cutting-edge science and technology and a powerful driving force in building a world power in science and technology. The basic system is the fundamental guideline for independently cultivating scientific and technological talents and guaranteeing that their scientific and technological innovation vitality is effectively brought into play. The article firstly discusses the conceptual connotation of the basic system to support the growth and development of scientific and technological talents, and considers that the basic system has the characteristics of universality, fundamentality, criticality, and long-term nature, and puts forward the framework system of the basic system to support the growth and development of scientific and technological talents. Secondly, the status quo and problems of the current basic system for scientific and technological talents in China are analyzed, and it is proposed that the evaluation system is the core element affecting the growth and development of scientific and technological talents. Finally, it gives a practical path to optimize and improve the basic system to support the growth and development of scientific and technological talents, with a view to provide a strong institutional guarantee for China’s independent cultivation of scientific and technological leaders and improving the construction of scientific and technological talents.