Abstract:China’s food security is facing more and more severe and complex challenges, such as tight balance between food demand and supply, the upgrading of consumption structure, and resource constraints. The plant factory is an advanced scenario in agricultural production, a diversified food production system that gets rid of the constraints of “ask for food from the mother nature” and respond to disasters and wars, and is oriented to space. Nevertheless, the high cost greatly limits the application and development of plant factories. The rapid development of artificial intelligence will bring new opportunities for the innovative development and expansion of plant factories. This paper states the strategic significance of developing intelligent plant factories and establishing a diversified food supply and production system, and analyzes the main bottlenecks of high cost of plant factories are the lack of in-depth exploration of suitable crops and varieties, the high energy consumption and labor cost in the production process, the large one-time construction investment and high depreciation costs, and the narrow application scenarios and industrial models. It is pointed out that the innovative advantages of artificial intelligence in diversified food producing, assisted breeding, light source and energy optimization, precise environmental control, production decision and task management, combined with scientific planning and policy guidance, will create a new ecology of plant factories in a diversified food production system.