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修订日期:2024-10-24
修订日期:2024-10-24
中文摘要: 创新在新质生产力培育中起主导作用,全要素生产率大幅提升为其核心标志。在中国成为世界最大的对外直接投资国之一和绿色发展上升为国家战略背景下,中国对外直接投资(OFDI)逆向技术溢出成为创新能力提升的重要途径,且对于绿色高质量发展会产生重要影响,这与新质生产力培育具有内在一致性。文章运用基于松弛变量(SBM)的超效率测度模型和曼奎斯特-卢恩伯格(ML)生产率指数,对2005—2021年中国30个省份的绿色全要素生产率(GTFP)进行测算,实证研究了OFDI逆向技术溢出对GTFP的影响,并从作用渠道等方面进行了讨论。研究表明:(1) 2005—2016年,发达国家 (地区) 组OFDI逆向技术溢出显著提升GTFP。2005—2021年欧盟和六大经济走廊国家组OFDI逆向技术溢出均显著提升了GTFP。渠道效应显示,OFDI逆向技术溢出可通过科技创新和产业结构升级来提升GTFP。(2) 异质性检验表明,2005—2016年,发达国家 (地区) 组OFDI逆向技术溢出促进了我国东部、中部地区及知识产权保护程度较低地区的GTFP;2017—2021年,对西部地区GTFP有抑制作用,对知识产权保护程度较高地区有促进作用。欧盟国家组对我国东部、西部及知识产权保护程度较高和较低地区GTFP有正向影响。六大经济走廊国家组对西部和知识产权保护程度较低地区的GTFP有促进作用。门槛效应表明对发达国家组别而言,2005—2016年投资经验、环境规制和技术吸收能力均存在单一门槛;2017—2021年影响不显著;欧盟和六大经济走廊国家投资经验和技术吸收能力均存在单一门槛,环境规制存在双重门槛。(3) 进一步分析发现,数字经济对OFDI逆向技术溢出影响效应发挥正向协同作用,具体为提高GTFP。该研究对于引导中国企业“走出去”形成OF-DI新格局,指导中国各省市差异化制定对外直接投资政策,推动经济绿色高质量发展,加快培育新质生产力,具有一定的政策指导价值。
Abstract:Innovation plays a leading role in the cultivation of new quality productive forces, with a significant increase in total factor productivity as its core symbol. In the context of China becoming one of the world’s largest outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) countries and green development rising as a national strategy, OFDI reverse technology spillover has become an important way to improve innovation capacity and will have an important impact on green and high-quality development, which is inherently consistent with the cultivation of new quality productive forces. This study uses the super-efficiency SBM model and the ML index to measure the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of 30 Chinese provinces and autonomous regions from 2005 to 2021, then empirically studies the impact of OFDI reverse technology spillover on GTFP and discusses the effect channels. The study reveals several key findings: (1) From 2005 to 2016, OFDI reverse technology spillover from developed countries (regions) significantly increased GTFP. OFDI reverse technology spillovers significantly boosted GTFP in both the EU and the six economic corridor countries from 2005 to 2021. The channel effect indicates that OFDI reverse technology spillovers can enhance GTFP through scientific and technological innovation and industrial structure upgrading. (2) Heterogeneity results indicate that from 2005 to 2016, OFDI reverse technology spillovers from developed countries (regions) promoted GTFP in the eastern and central regions and in regions with low intellectual property protection. From 2017 to 2021, it inhibited GTFP in the western region but promoted it in areas with higher intellectual property protection. The EU group positively impacted GTFP in the eastern, western, and regions with both high and low intellectual property protection. The six economic corridor countries (regions) promoted GTFP in the western region and in regions with low intellectual property protection. Threshold effect indicates a single threshold for investment experience, environmental regulation and technology absorptive capacity for the group of developed countries from 2005 to 2016; the effect is not significant from 2017 to 2021. There is a single threshold for investment experience and technology absorptive capacity and a double threshold for environmental regulation for the EU and the six economic corridor countries. (3) Further analysis reveals that the digital economy and OFDI reverse technology spillover across all sample groups have a positive synergistic effect, increasing GTFP. This study provides valuable policy guidance for encouraging Chinese enterprises to engage in OFDI, helping Chinese provinces formulate differentiated foreign direct investment policies, promoting green and high-quality economic development, and accelerating the cultivation of new quality productive forces.
keywords: outward foreign direct investment(OFDI) reverse technology spillover green total factor productivity(GTFP) channel effect threshold effect
文章编号: 中图分类号: 文献标志码:
基金项目:国家社会科学基金一般项目(21BJL112)
作者 | 单位 |
赵明亮1 | 山东财经大学 国际经贸学院 济南 250002 |
高岳1 | 山东财经大学 国际经贸学院 济南 250002 |
冯健康2 | 山东师范大学 经济学院 济南 250358 |
孙威3,4* | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 北京 100101 中国科学院大学 资源与环境学院 北京 100049 |
引用文本:
赵明亮,高岳,冯健康,孙威.新质生产力培育下中国OFDI逆向技术溢出影响绿色全要素生产率的效应检验[J].中国科学院院刊,2025,40(2):350-361.
ZHAO Mingliang,GAO Yue,FENG Jiankang,SUN Wei.Effect test of China’s outward foreign direct investment reverse technology spillover on green total factor productivity under cultivation of new quality productive forces[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2025,40(2):350-361.
赵明亮,高岳,冯健康,孙威.新质生产力培育下中国OFDI逆向技术溢出影响绿色全要素生产率的效应检验[J].中国科学院院刊,2025,40(2):350-361.
ZHAO Mingliang,GAO Yue,FENG Jiankang,SUN Wei.Effect test of China’s outward foreign direct investment reverse technology spillover on green total factor productivity under cultivation of new quality productive forces[J].Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2025,40(2):350-361.