Abstract:At a critical moment of intense competition in the artificial intelligence (AI) field, DeepSeek has released foundational large language models (LLM) such as V3/R1, with performance comparable to leading international organizations like OpenAI. This not only demonstrates China's technological innovation capabilities in AI but also provides a Chinese innovative pathway for global AI development. Firstly, through low-cost training and inference, break the monopolistic barriers of high-end computing power and lower research and development thresholds. Secondly, through full-stack and comprehensive open-source strategies, support customizable and local deployment that benefits various industries. This technological innovation and open-source practice from DeepSeek deserves in-depth discussion and learning. This study summarizes DeepSeek's innovative model from three perspectives, namely, compensating hardware with software, acquiring users through open source, and ecosystem priority. Meanwhile, it analyzes the current challenges and risks for China's AI open-source innovation, in terms of ecosystem portal, open-source software supply chain, and infrastructure. The study concludes by proposing suggestions to strengthen China's AI technological foundation in four aspects, i. e., LLM operating system innovation, software supply chain governance, open-source infrastructure construction, and software-hardware collaboration.