Abstract:The deep integration of scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation serves as the core mechanism for cultivating new quality productive forces. President Xi Jinping advances this scientific proposition based on China’s development practice in the new era and the historical, theoretical, and practical logic of global innovation advancement. The proposition profoundly elucidates the fundamental mechanisms driving contemporary productivity leaps and the strategic pivot for Chinese path to modernization. As a major theoretical innovation, this theory is groundbreaking, exemplary, and contemporary, providing a scientific foundation and strategic guidance for high-quality development and Chinese path to modernization. This study examines the integrated development of technological and industrial innovation through a tripartite analytical framework encompassing historical, theoretical, and practical logic. It identifies structural tensions inherent in the “dual-helix” integration model and proposes a systematic approach to scientifically manage five critical dialectical relationships: forward-looking vision versus practical implementation, market orientation versus strategic imperatives, public welfare versus proprietary interests, local optimization versus global coordination, and competitive dynamics versus collaborative synergies. Building upon this analytical foundation, the study advances policy pathways for deep integration: convergence at the source level, process integration, resource consolidation, value alignment, capability synergy, and regional coordination.