Abstract:As a megadiverse country, China has made significant progress in biodiversity conservation in recent years. The western region is a critical area for biodiversity conservation in China, boasting rich species resources and a high proportion of endemic species. However, its ecosystems are fragile and vulnerable to the impacts of multiple factors like climate change and human activities. Scientific and technological support has played a vital supporting role in biodiversity conservation, providing comprehensive support from monitoring and assessment to restoration and decision-making through biodiversity surveys, scientific research, and the establishment of monitoring networks. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including gaps in taxa and areas in survey and monitoring, insufficient theoretical breakthroughs, a lack of genetic diversity research, inadequate cross-border cooperation mechanisms, incomplete protection networks in some regions, and a shortage of talented researchers. To address these issues, this study proposes to develop the biodiversity monitoring satellites, enhance multidisciplinary research, launch genetic diversity survey, establish crossborder protection networks, promote in situ and ex situ networks in an integrated manner, and cultivate talented biodiversity researchers. These efforts aim to further improve biodiversity conservation in the western region and contribute Chinese wisdom to global biodiversity conservation and governance.