Abstract:As a crucial pillar of the national ecological security strategic framework, the Western Ecological Barrier Zone demonstrates irreplaceable ecological value in key areas such as water conservation, climate regulation, and carbon sink balance, leveraging its unique geographical endowments and ecosystem services. The governance effectiveness of this region not only directly impacts the advancement of the Beautiful China initiative but also holds significant implications for the comprehensive realization of the Dual Carbon strategic goals. This study focuses on the critical issue of environmental pollution prevention in western China. By elucidating the regional distinctive geographical and climatic characteristics, the study systematically analyzes environmental challenges arising from resource exploitation in typical ecological zones including the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Loess Plateau, YunnanGuizhou-Sichuan-Chongqing region, and Mongolian Plateau, encompassing soil-water contamination, air pollution, and emerging pollutant management. Furthermore, in light of global trends in environmental science and technology, the study delves into the pivotal role of technological innovation in ecological restoration, pollution control, and green transition. An implementation framework for establishing a regional environmental governance technology support system is proposed. The research outcomes aim to provide scientific references for formulating ecological conservation policies and regional development strategies in the Western Ecological Barrier Zone.