贾绍凤,何希吾,夏军.中国水资源安全问题及对策[J].中国科学院院刊,2004,(5):347-351.

贾绍凤
地理科学与资源研究所 北京100101
Jia Shaofeng
Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,100101 Beijing
何希吾
地理科学与资源研究所 北京100101
He Xiwu
Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,100101 Beijing
夏军
地理科学与资源研究所 北京100101
Xia Jun
Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,100101 Beijing

         中国;水资源安全;问题;对策

        water resource security;problem;countermeasure;China

        中国水资源安全的主要问题包括:洪旱灾害制约社会经济发展、供水短缺与用水浪费并存、生态退化与水污染严重、产业结构和布局与水资源条件不相适应及水资源管理体制与制度创新不足。今后10—30年,中国还将面临洪旱灾害损失加剧、供水难度增大、水生态环境进一步恶化等威胁。对此提出如下对策:坚持“适水发展”,建立节水型社会;严格执行水污染防治法规,加大水环境防治力度,保证水质和水环境安全;大力开发利用非常规水资源;加强水文水资源科学应用基础研究;建立政府与市场相结合的水资源配置机制;完善水事决策机制。

        The main problems of water resource security of China include the restriction of disaster of floods and draughts to socio-economic development, the coexistence of water shortage and water waste, ecological degradation and serious water pollution, the maladjustment of economic structure and layout with water resource conditions, and the lagging of institutional innovation for water management. In following 10-30 years, China will face the risks of the augmentation of flood and draught disaster, difficulties to increase water supply, and deeper degradation of water related eco-environment. Following countermeasures are suggested: insist on the strategy of coordinating economy development and water resource conditions, create water-saving society; strictly enforce the laws and regulations of environmental protection, strengthen water pollution prevention and control, guarantee water quality and water environment safety; develop and utilize non-regular water resources such as sea water, rain water and treated waste water; reinforce scientific research of water resources; create water resource allocation mechanism of combining the role of government and market; and improve decision system of water affairs.