俞荣建,王雅萍,赵一智,白伟.破解“卡脖子”技术难题：“情境—策略”非对称匹配视角[J].中国科学院院刊,,():.

俞荣建 王雅萍 赵一智 白伟

         “卡脖子”技术，“情境—策略”匹配，非对称破解策略

        “stuck neck” technology, “situation-strategy” matching, asymmetric cracking strategy

        新冠肺炎疫情和逆全球化的双重背景下，“卡脖子”技术难题是中国迫切需要解决的重大现实问题。现有研究针对“卡脖子”技术难题的破解策略缺少结构化的理论框架，且忽视了“卡脖子”技术情境依赖机制的分析。研究从技术轨道和技术范畴构建“卡脖子”技术破解策略矩阵，从技术能力基础和技术范式动态性 2 个维度评估技术情境，进一步整合破解策略矩阵与技术情境 2 个范畴，借鉴非对称创新思想，基于非对称“情境—策略”匹配视角，构建“卡脖子”技术非对称破解策略的理论框架。针对 20 项典型“卡脖子”技术，采用专利计量方法测度技术情境，提出各项“卡脖子”技术的非对称破解策略。基于非对称“情境—策略”匹配视角，构建的“卡脖子”技术非对称破解策略理论框架，为我国破解“卡脖子”技术难题提供决策借鉴。

        Under the dual background of the impact of the epidemic and anti-globalization, the technical problem of “stuck neck” is a major practical problem that China urgently needs to solve. Existing researches lack a structured theoretical framework to solve the technical problem of “stuck neck”, and overlooked the analysis of the situation-dependent mechanism of “stuck neck” technologies. This study evaluates the technical situation from the two dimensions of the technical capability base and the dynamic of the technical paradigm, constructs a “stuck neck” technology cracking strategy matrix from the technical category and technology track, integrates the two categories of the technical situation and the cracking strategy matrix, and draws on asymmetric innovation ideas. Based on the asymmetrical “situation-strategy” matching perspective, this study constructs a theoretical framework for the asymmetrical cracking strategy of “stuck neck” technologies. Aiming at 20 typical “stuck neck” technologies, the patented measurement method is used to measure the technical situation, and asymmetric cracking strategies for each “stuck neck” technology are proposed. Based on the asymmetric “situation-strategy” matching perspective, the theoretical framework of the asymmetric cracking strategy of “stuck neck” technology provides a decision-making reference for the country to crack the technical problems of “stuck neck”.