Abstract:The main problems of water resource security of China include the restriction of disaster of floods and draughts to socio-economic development, the coexistence of water shortage and water waste, ecological degradation and serious water pollution, the maladjustment of economic structure and layout with water resource conditions, and the lagging of institutional innovation for water management. In following 10-30 years, China will face the risks of the augmentation of flood and draught disaster, difficulties to increase water supply, and deeper degradation of water related eco-environment. Following countermeasures are suggested: insist on the strategy of coordinating economy development and water resource conditions, create water-saving society; strictly enforce the laws and regulations of environmental protection, strengthen water pollution prevention and control, guarantee water quality and water environment safety; develop and utilize non-regular water resources such as sea water, rain water and treated waste water; reinforce scientific research of water resources; create water resource allocation mechanism of combining the role of government and market; and improve decision system of water affairs.