Abstract:Under the basic political institutions and traditional national cultural gene in a state, the social governance refers to lead the overall national, social, and individuals toward good-governance society through the structure optimization, institutional arrangement, constraints by the rules, shaping of moral behavior, and civilization and enlightenment of a good deed. For the scientific analysis of social governance structure, it consists of three hierarchy process in which their internal logic and functional order are rigid, limit conditions, and being prescribed. The first level is the decision-making layer (top-level), the second level is the execution layer or performance management (middle-level), and the last one is grassroots layer (basic-level). For the decision-making layer, the author used“degree of public confidence” as the instrument to estimate its optimal degree in the paper. For the performance management level (middle-level), the author used“degree of executive ability” as the instrument to estimate its optimal degree. In the study, Pareto distribution is used to calculate the executive ability. For the grassroots level (basic-level), the author used“degree of resonance” as the instrument to estimate its optimal degree. So-called the optimizing social structure means to seek the intersection maximum of the three levels being optimized. In the conclusion of the article, there are some ideas about how to spread out the construction of social good-governance structure integrity.（1） Three hierarchy levels should be divided clearly. They are: top level (decision-making), middle level (execution), and low level (grassroots). The three levels have different functions and responsibilities for the social management system.（2） The scientific connotation and practicability (maximum of the“degree of public confidence”) of the policy are the core of decision-making level. The flexibility and adaptability of the policy (maximum of the“degree of executive ability”) is the core of administrative execution level. The understanding and recognition of the policy (maximum of the“degree of resonance”) is the core of basic level. Above three dimensional functions have to obtain the optimal solution, it means the formation of a good social governance structure.（3）The author used“priori decision method” for the description of“degree of public confidence”, used“dispersion model” for the description of“degree of executive ability”, used“the Pareto distribution model” for the description of“degree of resonance ability”.（4）In the paper, a framework of social governance structure reveals the common phenomenon of all countries of the world. The framework adapts quantitatively calculation for the goodness of social governance in any country of the world.