Abstract:The development of China's spatial regulation and regional governance can be divided into two stages. The first stage was from 1949, the new China was founded, to 2000, with a time span of more than 50 years. In this stage, the problem of spatial distribution and regional development has not been concerned by the government. Due to the lack of territorial development and protection strategy, space planning and regional policies, the land use was disordered, the regional development was imbalanced, and the urbanization and industrialization were blinded. The second stage was after 2000, the spatial development and protection pattern, regional coordinating and sustainable development, were more and more concerned by the highest decision-making. But this time, the key problem of China's spatial regulation and regional governance were: deficiency of long-term and top-level strategy and fragmentation of short-term strategy, poor pertinence of plan and policy caused by neglect of regional differentiation, imperfection of supporting system, and lack of constraint means. As a result, the quality and efficiency of land use and regional development was still low, and the goal of reasonable spatial organization can not be achieved. China is in the process of transformation, and has its own characteristics in the domestic and international environment, dynamic conditions of development, constraints factors and the development goals system. The existing theory and the development experience of the developed countries are not enough to guide the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics. These problems need to be solved by theoretical innovation on optimization of territorial space, regional coordinated development, urbanization and urban-rural development integration. The Five-year plan for national economic and social development is the highest planning in China, and developed in each five years. Combined with major problems facing China's 13th Five-Year Plan, from 2016 to 2020, in this field, this paper takes“innovation, coordination, green, open and sharing”development concept as the mainline, and mainly focuses on issues including protection and development of territorial strategy, effects of east-west bidirectional opening-up on China's regional development pattern, Major Function Oriented Zoning(MFOZ) and resources and environment carrying capacity, accurate poverty alleviation and differentiation model, and regional response to well-known two-child policy proposed by the party's eighteen plenary session Bulletin. With future spatial regulation and regional governance as main topics, this paper further investigates several propositions including studying new factors and mechanisms of territorial space changing and regional development, revising organization principle of the spatial structure of protection and development of territorial space, constructing development model and regional policy system based on regional differentiation, revealing regulation mechanism of the interest balance between different types of regions. Furthermore, the paper advances that the 13th Five-Year Plan should be more strategic, and should pay more attention to the issues with long time sequence, wide spatial scale, and strong ability to coordinate different departments and fields, such as development and protection; should be more constraining, because necessary top-down regulation is crucial for orderly, sustainable, and efficient development in the transition process; should be more pertinent, in the formulation process of major planning and policy, different modes, ways and measures should be fully studied in order to satisfy the development needs of different regions; should be more systemic, and should analyze problems from multiple perspectives and make systemic design, which is the key to ensure scientific decision-making and planning in the process of promoting the level of governance capacity modernization and improving the system of regional governance in 13th Five-Year Plan. With new ideas and concepts, this paper also proposes suggestions on coping strategy of 13th Five-Year Plan, providing reference for relative works on urbanization and regional development of 13th Five-Year Plan.