Abstract:It is their distinct spatial and temporal scales for natural substances defined various kinds of disciplines of natural sciences, as well as their connections. Based on the disruptive advances attributable to the revolutions of Molecular Biology and Genomics in the 20th century, by introducing the principles of engineering science into life science and biotechnology, the third revolution of Convergence has been emerged and rapidly developed into the cutting-edge frontier of academic research since the beginning of this century. The serial review articles of this issue illustrated both the history and the connotations of synthetic biology via highlighting main fields of research for synthetic biology, especially their scientific and technological fundamentals and social governance issues, thus it may cause attentions from the academic, the public and governments.