Abstract:Synthetic biology by using engineering ideas to design and construct new biological genomes is the research hotspot in recent years. The de novo synthesis of the prokaryotic Mycoplasma natural minigenome and further design and construction of the minimal genome, the continuous genome deletion of the prokaryotic model organism E. coli and the genome-wide codon simplification design and synthetic test, as well as the artificial design and synthesis tests of the eukaryotic model Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome have achieved great success and greatly promoted our understanding of life. Although the research on the genomes design and engineering construction in China started late, it has achieved internationally remarkable results recently. The genome design and construction provide insight into the origin and evolution of life and lay the foundation for further building a new life with powerful application functions.