Abstract:State-owned natural resources assets are not only the fundamental source of national economy and social development, but also the main field for ecological civilization construction. For imperfection of the management system of state-owned natural resources assets in China, following the goal and problem oriented research framework, referring to the progress of research development of developed countries, this study designed the overall plan for improving the management system and proposed the fundamental responsibilities of owners of state-owned natural resources assets. Suggestions were put forward as follows:perfecting the property right system of natural resources assets, compiling the list of state-owned natural resources assets executing hierarchical ownership, clarifying a rational boundary between the central and local government, promoting information technology in natural resource management, and strengthening the links between natural resources assets management and natural resources supervision. The suggestions are expected to be referred by the reform of natural resource management system in China.