Abstract:Chinese botanical gardens have a history of more than 100 years, but large-scale construction began in the 1950s with the establishment of modern botanical gardens led by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Currently there are 162 gardens in China, which have entered the stage of rapid construction and steady development. Chinese botanical gardens have made great contributions to native plant conservation, sustainable utilization, scientific research and environmental education in China, and have become the backbone and part of mainstream of international botanical garden community. To cope with negative effects of human disturbance on ecosystem, botanical gardens will play a more important social role; thus, the Chinese botanical gardens should adjust their developmental strategies to improve creational practices, national integrative development, to propose new initiatives in key areas and to develop national botanical garden system, so as to meet the conservation goals, sustainable developmental goals and support the green Belt and Road Initiative.