Abstract:The report of the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the strategic goals and tasks of accelerating the construction of an innovative country and a world power of science and technology, and technology innovation capability is the decisive factor for building a power of science and technology, and the basic driving force for national economic growth and competition. At present, China has become a big country in science and technology, but the development of science and technology is still in a “big but not strong” situation. On the basis of this, an evaluation index system including 5 first-level indicators and 24 second-level indicators has been constructed. In addition, a preliminary analysis of the horizontal comparison of scientific and technological innovation indicators between China and the United States was carried out to provide support for the construction of China's scientific and technological power.