Abstract:On the basis of eliminating absolute poverty and resolving overall regional poverty, it is urgent to consolidate the achievement of poverty alleviation and promote the effective connection of comprehensive poverty alleviation and the strategy of rural vitalization after targeted poverty alleviation. Taking the ecological governance and scientific poverty alleviation in southwest karst region as an example, we firstly systematically reviewed the rocky desertification treatment and its effectiveness and benefits. Then we revealed the scientific poverty alleviation systems proposed by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) with the combination and integration of ecological governance and poverty relief and regional development. These effective poverty alleviation methods include environmental migration, poor population relocation, ecological derivative industry cultivation, and ecosystem services enhancement. We also analyzed and discussed of the principal problems of current practices of ecological governance and poverty alleviation. To realize the integration of scientific poverty alleviation and ecosystem services enhancement, we suggest to explore available realization pathways, that is, we should pay more attention to coordinate the integrated regional governance and systematic restoration at regional scale, propose forest landscape restoration, develop sustainable ecological derivative industry, balance ecological restoration and local community development, and establish policies for the regionalization of important ecological function areas. The proposed realization pathways could promote the hematopoietic function of regional development and will also enhance the effectiveness and benefits of poverty alleviation and the implementation of the strategy of rural vitalization.