Abstract:One of the keys to poverty alleviation and rural revitalization is to narrow the gap between the population quality of urban and rural residents. Based on the objective demand of poverty alleviation in China, this study summarized the representative theories, introduced the relevant social practice conducted by the research team from Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and proposes suggestions on policy making. It is suggested, (1) Carry out scientific literacy education in rural areas. (2) Strengthen the training of psychological knowledge for public officials. (3) Improve psychological evaluation of public policy. (4) Support applied psychological research in poverty alleviation.