Abstract:With its short production cycle, profound market values, and environmentally friendly characteristics, edible mushroom cultivation has recently become an increasing industry for targeted poverty alleviation and ecological improvement in various countryside of China. However, few regionally well-known cultivable species and lack of development planning and technology supports have substantially slowed the advancement of the Chinese edible mushroom industry, particularly in Yunnan and Guizhou provinces, China. With integrated edible mushroom cultivation through local demonstration, promotion for promoting typically biological industry, and improving regional livelihood, we have developed adaptive strategies to grow edible saprophytic and mycorrhizal mushroom under natural and/or planted vegetation for a sustainable forestry development and improvement of targeted poverty alleviation in the mountainous Yunnan-Guizhou regions.