Abstract:The core talents who support China's innovative development and participate in international competition, on which the realization of the two centennial goals depends, are currently receiving basic education. Therefore, there is an urgent need to accelerate the innovation quality education for adolescents, and establish a scientific model of innovation quality training for cultivation and selection of talents. Through the analysis of the current situation of innovation quality cultivation and assessment both in China and in the world, this study proposes a new model of innovation quality assessment and training based on the cognitive theory of brain science, combined with the quantitative assessment technology of psychology, aiming to change the traditional evaluation system and promote the innovation quality cultivation of Chinese youth. The quality assessment paradigm and tool set designed and developed according to this model have been tested in practice in the training and assessment of adolescents, and will be explored more deeply in the cultivation of innovative talents in the future. It is suggested that the evaluation and cultivation should be carried out mainly from the psychological personality (innovative personality) and cognitive ability (innovative ability) which are the core of innovative quality.