Abstract:The black soil in northeast China presents a trend of thinning, hardening, impoverishment, and acidification under the longterm high-intensity utilization, and faces the water resources shortage and ecological environment imbalance. Thus, the coordination between soil and water resources and environment has become the bottleneck of sustainable agricultural development in northeast China. The black soil protection and utilization is not only a problem of cultivated land system itself, but also a problem of harmonization of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sandy land ecosystem. To achieve the goal of sustainable use of the black soil, it is necessary to give full play to the function of soil and water conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation, and biodiversity of natural ecosystems such as woodlands, grasslands, and wetlands. Hence, in addition to taking actions to ensure the quantity of cultivated black soil and improve soil quality, a synergetic development strategy of the mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sandy land ecosystems should be implemented to build ecological barrier for controlling and remediation of the black soil degradation.