Abstract:China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality action is a huge system engineering with national coverage, country-led and universal participation, long-term sustainable implementation, requiring definite, tenacious, and adaptable action strategies. Here, based on summarizing the current situations of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality", the action strategies, technological approaches, and scientific and technological supports are discussed to achieve the "dual carbon" targets in China. It is suggested that China's "dual carbon" action should insist on "one basic concept", achieve "two macroscopic targets", implement the "three-pronged comprehensive", and "four-way simultaneous" technological paths, and practice the macro layout of "five coordination" in the national land space control and the coordinated industrial development. It is required to strengthen scientific research on climate change and earth system carbon cycle and technological revolution for decarbonization and low-carbon industry. In the field of global change and ecological economics for national "dual carbon" action, more attention should be paid to key scientific issues. There are the construction of the multi-factors, multi-processes, multi-interfaces, and multi-scales collaborative monitoring system for carbon cycle process, carbon storage and flux in Earth system, and the systematic cognition and precise assessment of the carbon sink function and its potential of Chinese regional ecosystems. For the moment, it is urgent to build and complete the scientific and technological supporting system in seven aspects:scientific basis, observation and simulation, energy structure transformation, industrial structure adjustment, ecological carbon conservation and sink increase, national strategy and approach route, collaborative governance, and management policy.