Abstract:Based on the innovation value chain, this study establishes the "three horizontal and two vertical dimensions" measurement framework of National Innovation Force, which has a science-technology-industry horizontal dimension and a strength-effectiveness vertical dimension. The framework realizes a comprehensive analysis of National Innovation System from different perspectives and supports the categorized research and differentiated implementation of innovation policies and strategies. The framework considers the differences in science, technology, and innovation activities, as well as those between strength and effectiveness. Based on the analysis of 35 countries in The Report of National Innovation Force Measurement and International Comparison completed by the authors, this work studies in depth the evolution of National Innovation Force of China and ten typical countries from 2006 to 2020. In addition to the competitive landscape of National Innovation Force of 35 countries, it analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of China's National Innovation Force during the period. As a result, it shows that the competitive landscape of National Innovation Force of 35 countries has changed slightly. China's National Innovation Force ranking has increased steadily but still needs to be improved. From the comparison between China and ten typical countries, six developed countries, namely the United States of America, Japan, Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and South Korea, generally had high National Innovation Strength Force rankings. But their National Innovation Effectiveness Force rankings dropped from upper to the middle level, leading to the drop in National Innovation Force rankings of countries such as the United Kingdom and France in recent years. Four BRICS countries, namely South Africa, India, Brazil, and Russia were in the middle or lower level of National Innovation Strength Force rankings. Besides, their National Innovation Effectiveness Force ranked low, which restricted the improvement of their National Innovation Force rankings. China's National Innovation Strength Force ranked among the top level of 35 countries and had obvious advantages. Despite some fluctuations, China's National Innovation Effectiveness Force ranking rose to the middle level of 35 countries in 2020. However, China's National Innovation Effectiveness Force ranking significantly lagged behind China's National Innovation Strength Force ranking and restricted the improvement of China's National Innovation Force ranking. From the perspective of three types of innovation activities, different from ten typical countries' stable or declining trends, China's National Technological Force ranking, National Scientific Force ranking, and National Industrial Force ranking were all on the rise. For China, the competitive advantage of National Technological Force became increasingly significant, while National Scientific Force was the key constraint force. In the future, some measures should be taken to enhance China's National Innovation Force.