Abstract:The extreme environment of the deep sea has shaped special life processes with great resource potential, and its detection and research are the frontier of international earth science. While the harsh high-pressure environment of the deep sea greatly limits the application of deep-sea sampling and detection technology, the deep-sea in situ detection technology can obtain the component and content information of deep-sea samples without changing the location and state of the measured object, hence it is more and more widely used in the research of deep-sea extreme environment. The deep-sea extreme environment in situ detection technology has a broad prospect. However, as an emerging detection technology, many scientific problems still need to be solved. This study summarizes the international and domestic research progress of deep-sea extreme environment in situ detection technology, and puts forward the future development strategies for the research of deep-sea extreme environment in situ detection technology in China.