Abstract:The essence of popularizing scientific and technological resources is to make knowledge flow from within the academic community to the whole society through integration and re-development of scientific and technological resources, so as to improve the innovation efficiency of the whole society. It is a key path to break through the chain of "science research-science popularization" and to realize the "two wings" of innovation development. In recent years, China has issued a series of policies to promote the transformation of scientific research and popular science, but there are still many complicated problems in practice. From the perspective of innovation chain, this study combs the whole process of the popularization of scientific and technological resources, and finds that the practical dilemma of popularizing scientific and technological resources in China mainly exists in four areas:mechanism design, capacity building, transformation path building and scene setting. It then discusses the realization path of the popularization of scientific and technological resources in China.