Abstract:National research institutes, as an importance part of national strategically scientific and technological power, are facing great challenges in development and management under the new S&T revolution and increasing national strategic demands. Based on reviewing the evolution of UK public sector research establishments, this study takes in-depth analysis of the new idea and organizational model changes in recent ten years, including the mission and layout, external management, internal governance, and interdisciplinary research mechanisms of UK public sector research establishments. We further provide inspirations for the reform of Chinese national research institutions and the establishment of new research institutes.