Abstract:To harness the leading role of science and technology innovation and accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system, it is necessary to establish an innovation policy ecosystem that coordinates science and technology, education, economics, and social policies. Compared with this demand, China’s current science and technology innovation policy still needs to be further improved in terms of policy horizontal and vertical coordination, industrial technology research organization mechanism, innovative enterprise subjectivity, industry-university-research cooperation innovation incentives, and resource allocation marketability. In response to these issues, five suggestions are put forward, namely, (1) set up an innovation policy coordination and review agency within the Central Commission for Science and Technology to improve policy synergy; (2) improve the policy combination of “conventional science and technology plans + new-type system of national mobilization” for key core technology research to optimize the organizational mechanism of key research; (3) build a national innovation system with clear division of labor, smooth cooperation, and efficient innovation to strengthen the subjectivity of enterprise innovation; (4) optimize the evaluation and assessment system of universities and scientific research institutes to improve the incentive for industry-university-research cooperation; and (5) adhere to the decisive role of the market in allocating resources.