Abstract:The Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan takes blockchain as one of the key industries of the digital economy, and a number of ministries and commissions have also made clear deployments to accelerate the innovative application of blockchain, promote the digital transformation of the industry, and promote the high-quality development of the economy and society in the policy documents related to the informatization of the industry. The regulation and governance of blockchain digital assets cannot be separated from the understanding and analysis of blockchain technology itself, and observing the development mechanism of blockchain digital assets from the scientific and technological end is an innovative and necessary angle of governance. Research on the governance of blockchain digital assets in China should build a two-tier system design of technology governance and governance technology, achieve conditional trust in blockchain technology, accelerate the development of blockchain technology, establish a risk assessment mechanism and realize the ethical role of blockchain technology, and guide the development of distributed digital identities and decentralized organizations, clarify regulatory boundaries and government responsibilities.